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Shrimp - Species apt for purposes of aqua-culture.
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- Western White
Shrimp
(Penaeus vannamei): Native to the Pacific coast
of Central America and South America (from Mexico
to Peru), Vannamei is the leading farm-raised species
in Ecuador and everywhere else in Latin America.
White shrimp can be stocked at small sizes, have
a uniform growth rate and reach a maximum length
of 230 millimeters.
- Through the Fundacion
La Salle, EVVEN has access to the best cultures
of Vannamei White Shrimp, (Penaeus Vannamei) (Penaeus
Schmittii). Venezuela is pathogen/disease free,
and has strict import controls on brood stocks.
These Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) bloodstock and
post larvae have been repeatedly subjected to diagnostic
screening and shown not to contain any of the specific
pathogens known to be important to shrimp industry.
They have been bred to promote desirable characteristics
such as fecundity, high growth rates, and/or disease
resistance.
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- Western Blue
Shrimp "Stylie" : (Penaeus stylirostris)
Native to the Pacific coast of South America and
Central America (from Peru to Mexico), western blue
shrimp were a popular farmed species in the western
hemisphere until the late 1980s when the IHHN virus
attacked them but not vannamei.
- Giant Tiger Shrimp
(Penaeus monodon):
Named for its huge size
and banded tail, this species dominates production
everywhere in Asia except Japan and China. Native
to the Indian Ocean and the southwestern Pacific
Ocean from Japan to Australia, "tigers"
are the largest (maximum length 363 millimeters)
and fastest growing of the farmed shrimp. They tolerate
a wide range of salinities, but shortages of wild
brood stock often exist, captive breeding is difficult
and hatchery survivals are low (20 to 30%). Tigers
are very susceptible to two of the most lethal shrimp
viruses: yellow head and white spot.
- Chinese White
Shrimp (Penaeus chinensis), also known as P. orientalis):
Native to the coast of China and the west coast
of the Korean peninsula,
Chinese white shrimp
grow better in lower water temperatures (down to
16 degrees Celsius) than vannamei and monodon, tolerate
muddy bottoms and very low salinities-and, unlike
the above species, Chinese white shrimp readily
mature and spawn in ponds. On the negative side,
they have a high protein requirement (40 to 60%),
a small size (maximum length of 183 millimeters),
and a lower meat yield (56%) than monodon (61%)
and vannamei (63%).
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- Japanese Kuruma
Shrimp (Penaeus japonicus):
Native to the Indian
Ocean and the Southwestern Pacific Ocean from Japan
to Australia, kuruma shrimp are farmed in Japan
and Australia.
- Live kuruma shrimp
bring outrageously high prices in Japan, as high
as $100 a pound! It's relatively easy to ship live
animals without water, they mature and spawn in
ponds, and they tolerate low water temperatures
better than any other farmed species, down to 10
degrees Celsius.
- They require
clean, sandy bottoms and high protein diets (55%).
Markets are limited to Japan.
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Fresh Water Shrimp
- Indian White
(Penaeus indicus) are raised on extensive farms
throughout Southeast Asia, and it is widely cultured
in India, the Middle East and eastern Africa. World
production of farmed prawns has risen to around
150,000 metric tons, worth about a billion dollars,
most of it from Bangladesh and China.
- The favored species
for farming has always been M. rosenbergii, sometimes
called the "giant river prawn" or the
"Malaysian prawn", but recently, China
began culturing large quantities of M. nipponense,
a species native to Japan, Taiwan and Vietnam, which
has also been introduced into Russia, the Philippines
and Singapore.
- The genus Macrobrachium,
which includes about 200 species, almost all of
which live in freshwater for at least part of their
life cycle, is circumtropical and native to all
continents except Europe.
- Beginning in
2000 and continuing through 2001, freshwater prawns
(defrosted shell-on tails) have been available at
most big grocery stores in Southern California.
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Copyright(c) 2003 EVVEN C.A. All
rights reserved.
info@evven.org
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